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Stroke - Overview of Types, Risk Factors & Treatment Approaches

1. The 5 most common symptoms of stroke include all of the following, EXCEPT?

A. Sudden weakness or numbness of the face or limbs, especially on one side of the body. B. Sudden confusion or difficulty speaking or understanding speech C. Sudden aura including unexplained smell D. Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes

2. Someone who has experienced a full-blown stroke has a two to seven percent risk of having another stroke within the next 90 days; the 90-day risk of stroke following a Trans Ischemic Attack (TIA) is 10 to 20 percent.

A. True B. False

3. What type of stroke is characterized by a rupture of a blood vessel whereby there is a severe headache of split-second onset? Neurologists describe this as a "thunderclap" headache which demands immediate attention.

A. Subarachnoid hemorrhage B. TIA C. Ischemic stroke D. None of the above

4. Which of the following are modifiable risk factors?

A. Hypertension B. Cigarette smoking C. Diabetes D. Cholesterol imbalance E. All of the above

5. A series of placebo-controlled clinical trials sponsored by NINDS and NHLBI has shown that Hormone Replacement Therapy decreases the risk of stroke in women.

A. True B. False

6. The most common antiplatelet drug is aspirin.

A. True B. False

7. The surgery to remove plaque to widen the carotids is called a Carotid:

A. Vasospasm reduction B. Rotosclerosis C. Bruit fix D. Endarterectomy

8. Which rehabilitation technique involves constant restraint of the unaffected hand and arm with a mitt shaped like a boxing glove, so that the person is forced to use the affected hand and arm for daily activities?

A. Body weight-supported treadmill B. Unaffected restraint training C. Constraint-induced movement therapy D. None of the above

9. There are no genetic risk factors involved with stroke.

A. True B. False

10. Ischemic neurons release excessive amounts of this neurotransmitter, which serve as a chemical signal that excites neighboring neurons?

A. Glutamate B. Nitrous acid C. tPA D. Albumin

11. Excitotoxicity which accompanies strokes leads to the following:

A. Sends the nerves into overdrive and causes neuronal damage B. Over-excited neuron skeletons and membrane begin to break down C. Neurons churn out oxygen-containing free radicals that can degrade proteins, lipids, and DNA D. All of the above

12. What kind of stroke can break down the blood brain barrier?

A. Hemorrhagic Stroke B. Ischemic Stroke C. Both A & B D. None of the above

13. Apoptosis and the activation of caspases have also been implicated in Alzheimer's disease.

A. True B. False

14. The following are true about Astrocytes:

A. Able to store glucose B. Capable of taking up glutamate and potentially "buffering" the effects of excitotoxicity C. After a stroke, the astrocytes enlarge and begin signals that stimulate inflammation D. All of the above


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