Flex Therapist CEUs

ACL Injury and the Gender Affect

1. Several studies show that approximately 70% of all ACL injuries occur in contact situations compared to non-contact situations.

A. True B. False

2. In the non-contact mechanism in sports, sudden deceleration during which of the following is the movement most likely to result in ACL injury to athletes of both genders?

A. Landing B. Cutting C. Stopping D. All of the above

3. Females generally have greater ligamentous laxity than males and the female ligamentous laxity is modified by hormonal activities.

A. True B. False

4. The menstrual cycle may affect active restraints rather than passive restraints of knee stability, because the menstrual cycle affects motor control and muscle strength.

A. True B. False

5. All of the following are true with regard to a notch index, except for:

A. A notch index is the notch width divided by the femoral condylar width. B. A notch index should not be used as an indicator of the risk factor across genders. C. The notch width increases with height in males and females. D. All of the above are true.

6. Anterior translation of the tibia during squatting in ACL-deficient knees is largest in the anterior body position and smallest in the posterior body position, suggesting that decreased _____ activation in the anterior body position might contribute to larger anterior translation of the tibia.

A. Quadricep B. Hamstring C. Calf D. Gastrocnemius

7. Which of the following was a gender difference reported in high school athletes in the landing technique prior to training?

A. Female high school athletes landed with a smaller total valgus knee motion. B. Female high school athletes landed with a greater normalized valgus knee motion to height. C. Female high school athletes landed with a smaller maximum valgus knee angle. D. Female high school athletes showed no difference in maximum valgus knee angle between their dominant and non-dominant sides.

8. Which of the following may increase the anterior shear of the tibia at landing?

A. Quadriceps dominance B. Leg dominance C. Ligament dominance D. All of the above

9. The so-called provocative landing position is defined as the tibial slope relative to the femur being in a more inferior to superior direction than that in the safe position.

A. True B. False

10. Recently, the mechanics of the _____, especially a restricted passive range of internal rotation, has been correlated with ACL injury and re-injury in soccer players.

A. Waist B. Knee C. Hip D. Ankle

11. Which of the following is a gender difference in MRI patters of ACL tears?

A. Females more commonly undergo imaging in the acute stage. B. Males more commonly demonstrate posterolateral tibial bone bruises. C. Females generally have a more severe presentation. D. Females are associated with more severe bruises on the lateral femoral condyle and soft tissue injuries.

12. Compression is the most common translation that occurs during cutting and landing activities, and could be:

A. A direct result of impact forces. B. An indirect result from muscular stabilization. C. Either (A) and/or (B). D. None of the above.


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