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Vertigo: Overview, Prevalence & Treatment Comparisons

Introduction

1. About 50% of balance disorders are caused by:

A. Pathology of the inner ear. B. Neurological disorders. C. Orthostatic dizziness and adverse effects of drugs. D. Psychological and psychiatric causes.

Vestibular System Function versus Vertigo

2. Examination of patients with vertigo should include performing the Hallpike's maneuver in order to differentiate between peripheral and central origin of symptoms.

A. True B. False

Vertigo Treatment

3. All of the following are true with respect to betahistine, except for:

A. It exerts a relaxant effect on the precapilar sphincters in the inner ear microcirculation. B. It inhibits the activity of vestibular neurons. C. It suppresses the compensation process. D. It reduces the frequency and intensity of vertigo and tinnitus.

Exercises of Vestibular Rehabilitation

4. Kinesitherapy by repetitive exercises leads to creating a new image of the vestibular situation in the central nervous system as a result of learning, gaining information, and remembering.

A. True B. False

Epley Maneuver

5. Which of the following is considered a contraindication for the Epley maneuver?

A. Carotid artery stenosis B. Active ischemic heart disease C. Limited mobility in the cervical spine D. All of the above

Discussion

6. Among the outcomes of the study's model, fatigue was the main contributor for reporting dizziness, followed by falls and the presence of five or more depressive symptoms.

A. True B. False

7. There was a strong association observed between advancing age and dizziness.

A. True B. False

Vertebral Artery Testing

8. Which of the following may be indicative of higher probability of VBI?

A. When a patient minimizes angular position changes of the inner ear. B. When a patient reports avoidance of end-range neck positions as a result of fear. C. When a patient avoids cervical spine rotation during the VAT. D. All of the above.

Differential Diagnosis

9. During the VAT, the vertebral artery on the opposite side slides forward and down causing it to narrow due to bony and fixed surrounding structures, and prevention of VBI symptoms is dependent upon a sufficient collateral vascular supply.

A. True B. False

10. The controversy of the VAT is:

A. Its adverse reactions. B. Its questionable validity. C. Both (A) and (B). D. None of the above.

Introduction

11. The main symptoms of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo of horizontal semicircular canal are represented by:

A. Dizziness from loose otoconia in the inner ear. B. A feeling of fullness in the ear. C. Recurrent brief and sudden episodes of positional vertigo with nausea and vomiting. D. Blurred vision associated with a loss of balance.

12. The pathological side of HSC-BPPV is usually indicated by:

A. Nystagmus intensity B. Otoconia C. Inflammation D. All of the above

Discussion

13. Which of the following is an advantage of the Gufoni's maneuver?

A. There are not many movements to execute. B. The positions are comfortable to the patient. C. It has a high percentage of success. D. All of the above.

Introduction

14. Postmaneuver restrictions that have been proposed in order to prevent recurrence of BPPV include all of the following, except for:

A. Lying in the bed with at least 2 pillows. B. Head movement. C. Not lying on the side of the disease. D. Avoiding cervical extension or rotation.

Discussion

15. Additional exercise by the patient repeating Epley maneuvers at home adds to the treatment effectiveness.

A. True B. False

16. Repetition of ST and Ep maneuvers positively influence vertigo scores and decrease dizziness for several days following the maneuvers.

A. True B. False

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