1. All of the following are true with regard to a neutral posture, except:
A. Joints in neutral postures have minimum control and force production. B. A neutral posture is achieved when the muscles are at their resting length and the joint is naturally aligned. C. When a joint is not in its neutral posture, its muscles and tendons are either contracted or elongated. D. For most joints, the neutral posture is associated with the midrange of motion for that joint.2. Neutral postures minimize the stress applied to muscles, tendons, nerves, and bones.
A. True B. False3. Ideally, tasks and workspaces should be designed so that work is conducted at approximately _____% or less of maximum capacity.
A. 10 B. 15 C. 20 D. 254. Not moving muscles for a time impedes blood flow, which is needed to bring oxygen and crucial nutrients to the muscles and to remove metabolic waste products.
A. True B. False5. Which of the following is true for the neutral posture of the back and fingers?
A. The back and fingers are both flexed. B. The back is flexed while the fingers are not flexed. C. The back is not flexed while the fingers are slightly flexed. D. Neither the back nor the fingers are flexed.6. Which type of pinch grip uses the thumb and side of the first finger, such as when holding a key?
A. Tip pinch B. Chuck pinch C. Lateral pinch D. None of the above7. For a given force, using a power grip is biomechanically more stressful than using a pinch grip.
A. True B. False8. Which of the following is true with regard to the pinch grip vs. the power grip?
A. The amount of force one is capable of exerting is greater for the power grip than for the pinch grip. B. The force generated with a pinch grip is about 15% - 25% of the force generated with a power grip, depending on the type of pinch grip and the worker's individual force capable. C. For a power grip, the maximum force is generated with a grip width of 1.75 - 3.75 inches. D. All of the above are true.9. Minimal control is associated with the power grip as the fingers move as one entity and only in one direction.
A. True B. False10. When should a pinch grip be used?
A. For precision tasks that require minimal forces to be generated. B. For extended lengths in time. C. When repetition is required. D. For tasks that require forces of greater than 2 pounds.11. When operating heavy tools, one should ensure they accommodate using both hands to support the tool's weight.
A. True B. False12. Adjustability in tools, or multiple tool designs, is important because it allow for flexed postures to be adopted.
A. True B. False13. A common source of back pain is from the degeneration of the discs between the vertebrae, which is thought to be from loss of nutrition to the discs. Which of the following is true about how loss of nutrition comes about?
A. Because discs do not have a blood supply, they rely on obtaining their nutrition from the adjacent vertebrae. B. The vertebral endplates that supply the nutrients to the discs may fracture under excessive force or repeated loading during lifting. C. The body heals endplate fractures with scar tissue, but this scar tissue does not allow nutrients to get to the disc. D. All of the above play a role in the loss of nutrients to the discs, thereby leading to degeneration.14. Which of the following is thought to lead to a vicious cycle of chronic pain and inflammation of the vertebral discs?
A. Slow healing B. Continuous loading C. Continuous trauma D. All of the above15. All of the following statements are true with regards to the torque and lever arm, except:
A. When lifting an object, the moment arm is the horizontal distance between the object and the person. B. As the distance between the object and the person increases, the moment, involving the worker's back, decreases. C. The muscles of the lower back must produce more force to counteract the moment so that the person does not fall forward. D. Even light objects can cause large forces in the lower back if those objects are lifted or carried farther away from the body.16. Which of the following play a role in the forces produced by the lower back muscles when lifting an object?
A. Weight of object and length of moment arm. B. Size and shape of object being lifted. C. The existence of physical barriers between the worker and the object. D. All of the above.17. In order to evaluate the pinch grip, the pinch type hand dynamometer must be used, as the grip type hand dynamometer evaluates only grip strength.
A. True B. False18. All of the following are approaches that have been used to identify risk factors for work-related MSDs, except:
A. Worker self-report, where the worker is asked to estimate the risk factor levels associated with his or her work. B. Co-worker report, where a co-worker estimates the risk factor level associated with a worker's work. C. Observation-based methods, where a job analyst observes the work in real time or from recorded video, with a systematic approach to classifying risk factors. D. Direct measurement, where instrumentation is used to measure posture directly.19. Which of the following methods can cost less, be more accessible, require less expertise, and be easier to implement for the practitioner in the field?
A. Worker self-report B. Co-worker report C. Observation-based D. Direct measurement20. Assessments of MSD risk factors, including the assessment of posture, should have high internal and external validity. External validity refers to:
A. The degree of agreement between the observation-based measures of risk factors and reference standards for these risk factors. B. How strongly the analysis method results predict risk of MSDs. C. Both (A) and (B) describe external validity. D. Neither (A) nor (B) describe external validity.Copyright © 2024 Flex Therapist CEUs
Visit us at https://www.flextherapistceus.com