Flex Therapist CEUs

1. Position sense is the ability of an individual to identify the static location of a body part, whereas kinesthesia is the ability to identify body motion.

A. True B. False

2. All of the following natural physiological changes occur in the proprioceptive system with increasing age and may contribute to declines in position sense, except for:

A. Decrease in capsular thickness B. Decrease in spindle diameter C. Decline in intrafusal fiber numbers D. Lower sensitivity of muscle spindles

3. Decreased grey matter in the post-central gyrus and reduced activity in proprioceptive regions of the basal ganglia may contribute to declines in position sense across adulthood.

A. True B. False

4. Which of the following statements related to stroke and traumatic brain injury is true?

A. Stroke and traumatic brain injury often lead to deficits in position sense. B. Poor position sense correlates with poor functional outcomes following stroke. C. Individuals with intact position sense following stroke have significantly better motor recovery. D. All of the above are true.

5. Which of the following had the largest relative effect for the hand-based parameter?

A. Shift-xy B. Var-xy C. AE-x D. C/E-xy

6. In general, position sense tends to be better for the more distal joints as compared to proximal ones, reflecting differences in the number of muscle spindles spanning each joint.

A. True B. False

7. Which of the following shoulder-based parameters worsens with age?

A. Var B. Shift C. AE D. All of the above

8. Changes in position sense across adulthood tended to be _____ of the range observed for the 5th to 95th percentile performance at a given age.

A. 5 to 20% B. 10 to 30% C. 20 to 40% D. 45 to 60%