Flex Therapist CEUs

Low Level Laser Therapy Effects on Inflammation

1. Histological changes seen in the synovial membrane in OA generally include:

A. Synovial lining hyperplasia B. Neoangiogenesis C. Fibrosis D. All of the above

2. Inflammation induces synovial cells to produce all of the following, except:

A. Matrix metalloproteins B. Cytokines C. Chemokines D. Synovial cells produce all of the above in response to inflammation

3. Synovial inflammation is an important source of:

A. Proinflammatory mediators B. Anti-inflammatory mediators C. Both (A) and (B) D. None of the above

4. What is the main goal for the control of OA?

A. Reduce symptoms B. Minimize disability C. Limit the progression of structural changes D. All of the above

5. OA is:

A. A simple wear-and-tear phenomenon. B. An active process that is a part of the reparative response to injury. C. Both (A) and (B). D. None of the above.

6. OA affects the:

A. Cartilage B. Subchondral bone C. Joint capsule D. All of the above

7. During the disease process, synoviocytes and chondrocytes are the only cells to synthesize proinflammatory cytokines.

A. True B. False

8. Macrophages are the key source of inflammatory cytokines.

A. True B. False

9. Compared to the control group, which LLLT treatment led to a statistically significant reduction in expression of IL-1beta and IL-6?

A. 50 mW B. 100 mW C. Both (A) and (B) D. None of the above

10. Compared to the injury group, which LLLT treatment showed a lower neutrophil count?

A. 50 mW B. 100 mW C. Both (A) and (B) D. None of the above

11. This study found that TNF-alpha protein was statistically significantly reduced in which LLLT treatment group?

A. 50 mW B. 100 mW C. Both (A) and (B) D. None of the above

12. A longer lighting period is more effective than short times, regardless of the total influence or irradiance.

A. True B. False

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